Learning Chemistry

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

ذرة في الأرض ولا في السماء ...
ولا أصغر من ذلك ولا أكبر
إلا في كتاب مبين... an atom in the earth or in the heaven, nor any thing less than that nor greater, but it is in a clear book | Partial Quran 10:61

atom nucleus + electron —	nucleus proton + neutron	particles photon and more

This is an atom. In its center, there is a [1] nucleus, surrounded by [2] electrons. Inside the nucleus there are protons & neutrons, and further inside there are particles like photon. Anyway, the protons inside the nucleus have a positive charge (+), while the electrons have a negative charge (—). When the number of protons equals the number of electrons, the charges balance.


Nuclear Fusion

1  hydrogen	hydrogen clumps	nuclear fusion  2  helium	star

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

وما أدراك ما الطارق النجم الثاقبAnd what will make you to know what At Taariq is? (It is) the star of piercing brightness. | Quran 86:2-3

Tarq طرق means "knock, pound". Is At Taariq الطارق "the pounding", referring to the smashing & fusing of atoms inside stars?

The first atomic element was created when the universe began. It is the simplest, hydrogen. Hydrogen is numbered 1, which means it has 1 proton & 1 electron. Then gravity pulls the hydrogen atoms together into clumps. As more time passed, the clumps grew in size & pressure — until the atoms move so fast it start to smash & fuse their nucleus. This is called nuclear fusion.

Nuclear fusion created the second & third elements — helium & lithium. It also turned mass into light, so let there be light, the clumps burn as stars! ماشاء الله Inside the stars, the nuclear fusion continues, smashing & fusing, forming more elements.


Periodic Table Elements

hydrogen	helium	lithium	berryllium	boron	carbon
nitrogen	oxygen	fluorine	neon	sodium	magnesium
aluminium	silicon	phosphorus	sulphur	chlorine	argon

After the stars cooked up the elements in the periodic table [ref], we have all kinds of atoms.
For starters, these are atoms with elements number 1 — 18, with the protons numbered.


Bonding

As you can see, atoms have shells around their nucleus. Atoms seek to have full shells, as it makes them stable (less reactive to other atoms). For atoms with the atomic number 1-18, full shells means the 2-8-8 rule: · shell 1 has 2 electrons · shell 2 has 8 electrons · shell 3 has 8 electrons Atoms can give or share its electrons with other atoms, to make full shells.

— + Example 1: Give The fluorine atom can't make a full second shell bcoz it's missing an electron. Sodium has an extra electron. When sodium gives this electron to flourine, it becomes positively charged (more protons). When flourine receives this electron, it becomes negatively charged (more electrons). The opposite charges attracts & bond them. This is an ionic bond. | electromagnetic Example 2: Share The oxygen atom need 2 electrons to make a full second shell. When it meets another oxygen atom, both of them have the same electrons so no one wants to give. But they can share. Atom1 shares 2 electrons & Atom2 shares 2 electrons. This is a covalent bond.

+ — +

ENERGY . DNA

OK. So I tried figuring how 2 hydrogen & 1 oxygen atoms bond to become water molecules. Is this right? So, when we have H₂O, we have water. Then water & other elements bond to make up our human body. خلق من الماء بشرا [Q25:54], خالق بشرا من صلصال من حمإ مسنون [Q15:28-29], من طين لازب [Q37:11], من طين [Q32:7-9]

Next are bonding hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen and more | organic

NOTE shell 1 hidden

myrcene C10 H16

benzene C6 H6

glucose C6 H12 O6

lactose C12 H22 O11

methane C H4

oleic acid C18 H34 O2

carbon dioxide C O2

hydrogen peroxide H2 O2

glycerine C3 H8 O3

luminol C8 H7 N3 O2

melanin C18 H10 N2 O4

guanine C5 H5 N5 O	cytosine C4 H5 N3 O	DNA base pairs | ref ref
adenine C5 H5 N5	thymine C5 H6 N2 O2

adrenaline C9 H13 N O3	noradrenaline C8 H11 N O3	dopamine C8 H11 N O2	serotonin C10 H12 N2 O
gaba C4 H9 N O2	acethylcoline C7 H16 N O2	glutamate C5 H9 N O4	endorphins
neurotransmitters of the nervous system | ref

heme of hemoglobin | ref ref C34 H32 Fe N4 O4

NOTE nitrogen vacancy chlorophyll of plants | ref C55 H72 Mg N4 O5

I also tried figuring rust. It seems the iron (Fe) loses electrons to oxygen and water (OH)₃.

4 Fe(s) + 6 H₂O(l) + 3 O₂(g) → rust 4 Fe(OH)₃(s) | ref





↓

And how the same carbon atom make two opposite stones — diamond & graphite. Even when both are pure carbon, it is their structure which makes them different. I hope I get the structure right. (◠v◠)' It seems the graphite is more dense, does it barricade light from passing through?


So that's how atoms build the universe, by bonding & interacting with each other ... ماشاء الله


Fundamental Forces

Atoms interaction is governed by 4 fundamental forces:

1  Electromagnetic It attracts or repulse electrically charged matter, causing electric or magnetic effects.

2  Strong It holds the positive nucleus together, so it basically attracts.

3  Weak It ejects sub atoms from the nucleus, causing radioactive decay.

4  Gravity It attracts matter by their mass.

surrender

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

سبح اسم ربك الأعلى
الذي خلق فسوى والذي قدر فهدى
والذي أخرج المرعى فجعله غثاء أحوىGlorify the Name of your Lord, the Most High. Who has Created (everything), and then Proportioned it. And Who has Measured (destined) and Guided. And who Brings out the pasture, and (then) Makes it black stubble. | Holy Quran 87:1-5

GUIDED هدى

حوى OXIDIZED

Well ... when I was in school, I only passed chemistry once. (m - m) But I'm so curious. So this is figuring things out & making it easy ... I hope I get this right. (◠v◠)' Now I see that the universe is designed — there are measurements, balance & time in the atom. Everything in this universe is obedient to a Law.

Jabir ibn Hayyan wrote Kitab Al-Kimya in the 8th century & inspired the European Geber. [ref]
Dreaming of the past? Well ... now we have Zara Salim Davidson. الحمد لله

I seek refuge in Allah SWT from errors.
Only Allah SWT Knows Best والله أعلم

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Universe

Time

Pulse

Particle

Rocks, Gems