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Aug 31, 2014

Learning Chemistry

Posted By Snow at 8/31/2014 7 comments
بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

ذرة في الأرض ولا في السماء ...
ولا أصغر من ذلك ولا أكبر
إلا في كتاب مبين
... an atom in the earth or in the heaven, nor any thing less than that nor greater, but it is in a clear book | Partial Quran 10:61

atom
nucleus +
electron —
nucleus
proton +
neutron
particles
photon
and more

This is an atom. In its center, there is a [1] nucleus, surrounded by [2] electrons. Inside the nucleus there are protons & neutrons, and further inside there are particles like photon. Anyway, the protons inside the nucleus have a positive charge (+), while the electrons have a negative charge (—). When the number of protons equals the number of electrons, the charges balance.


Nuclear Fusion
 1  hydrogenhydrogen
clumps
nuclear fusion
 2  helium
star
بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

وما أدراك ما الطارق النجم الثاقب
And what will make you to know what At Taariq is? (It is) the star of piercing brightness. | Quran 86:2-3

Tarq طرق means "knock, pound". Is At Taariq الطارق "the pounding", referring to the smashing & fusing of atoms inside stars?

The first atomic element was created when the universe began. It is the simplest, hydrogen. Hydrogen is numbered 1, which means it has 1 proton & 1 electron. Then gravity pulls the hydrogen atoms together into clumps. As more time passed, the clumps grew in size & pressure — until the atoms move so fast it start to smash & fuse their nucleus. This is called nuclear fusion.

Nuclear fusion created the second & third elements — helium & lithium. It also turned mass into light, so let there be light, the clumps burn as stars! ماشاء الله Inside the stars, the nuclear fusion continues, smashing & fusing, forming more elements.


Periodic Table Elements



hydrogen


helium

lithium

berryllium

boron

carbon

nitrogen

oxygen

fluorine

neon

sodium

magnesium

aluminium

silicon

phosphorus

sulphur

chlorine

argon

After the stars cooked up the elements in the periodic table [ref], we have all kinds of atoms.
For starters, these are atoms with elements number 1 — 18, with the protons numbered.


Bonding

As you can see, atoms have shells around their nucleus. Atoms seek to have full shells, as it makes them stable (less reactive to other atoms).

For atoms with the atomic number 1-18, full shells means the 2-8-8 rule:
· shell 1 has 2 electrons
· shell 2 has 8 electrons
· shell 3 has 8 electrons

Atoms can give or share its electrons with other atoms, to make full shells.
+

Example 1: Give

The fluorine atom can't make a full second shell bcoz it's missing an electron. Sodium has an extra electron.

When sodium gives this electron to flourine, it becomes positively charged (more protons). When flourine receives this electron, it becomes negatively charged (more electrons). The opposite charges attracts & bond them. This is an ionic bond. | electromagnetic


Example 2: Share

The oxygen atom need 2 electrons to make a full second shell. When it meets another oxygen atom, both of them have the same electrons so no one wants to give. But they can share. Atom1 shares 2 electrons & Atom2 shares 2 electrons. This is a covalent bond.
++
OK. So I tried figuring how 2 hydrogen & 1 oxygen atoms bond to become water molecules. Is this right? So, when we have H2O, we have water. Then water & other elements bond to make up our human body. خلق من الماء بشرا [Q25:54], خالق بشرا من صلصال من حمإ مسنون [Q15:28-29], من طين لازب [Q37:11], من طين [Q32:7-9]

Next are bonding hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen and more | organic

NOTE shell 1 hidden


myrcene
C10 H16

benzene
C6 H6

glucose
C6 H12 O6

lactose
C12 H22 O11


methane
C H4

oleic acid
C18 H34 O2


carbon
dioxide
C O2


hydrogen
peroxide
H2 O2

glycerine
C3 H8 O3

luminol
C8 H7 N3 O2

melanin
C18 H10 N2 O4

guanine
C5 H5 N5 O

cytosine
C4 H5 N3 O


DNA base pairs | ref ref

adenine
C5 H5 N5

thymine
C5 H6 N2 O2

adrenaline
C9 H13 N O3

noradrenaline
C8 H11 N O3

dopamine
C8 H11 N O2

serotonin
C10 H12 N2 O

gaba
C4 H9 N O2

acethylcoline
C7 H16 N O2

glutamate
C5 H9 N O4

endorphins
 
neurotransmitters of the nervous system | ref


heme of hemoglobin | ref ref
C34 H32 Fe N4 O4

chlorophyll of plants | ref
C55 H72 Mg N4 O5


I also tried figuring rust. It seems the iron (Fe) loses electrons to oxygen and water (OH)3.

4 Fe(s) + 6 H2O(l) + 3 O2(g) → rust 4 Fe(OH)3(s) | ref







And how the same carbon atom make two opposite stones — diamond & graphite. Even when both are pure carbon, it is their structure which makes them different. I hope I get the structure right. (◠v◠)' It seems the graphite is more dense, does it barricade light from passing through?


So that's how atoms build the universe, by bonding & interacting with each other ... ماشاء الله


Fundamental Forces

Atoms interaction is governed by 4 fundamental forces:


 1  Electromagnetic
It attracts or repulse electrically charged matter, causing electric or magnetic effects.
 2  Strong
It holds the positive nucleus together, so it basically attracts.
 3  Weak
It ejects sub atoms from the nucleus, causing radioactive decay.
 4  Gravity
It attracts matter
by their mass.

surrender

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

سبح اسم ربك الأعلى
الذي خلق فسوى والذي قدر فهدى
والذي أخرج المرعى فجعله غثاء أحوى
Glorify the Name of your Lord, the Most High. Who has Created (everything), and then Proportioned it. And Who has Measured (destined) and Guided. And who Brings out the pasture, and (then) Makes it black stubble. | Holy Quran 87:1-5


Well ... when I was in school, I only passed chemistry once. (m - m) But I'm so curious. So this is figuring things out & making it easy ... I hope I get this right. (◠v◠)' Now I see that the universe is designed — there are measurements, balance & time in the atom. Everything in this universe is obedient to a Law.

Jabir ibn Hayyan wrote Kitab Al-Kimya in the 8th century & inspired the European Geber. [ref]
Dreaming of the past? Well ... now we have Zara Salim Davidson. الحمد لله

I seek refuge in Allah SWT from errors.
Only Allah SWT Knows Best والله أعلم



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