Suri

 1  The ancestry of Malay sultans

SRIVIJAYA

2  The map of Malay states and its neighbors 4th century BC Macedon dawns the Hellenistic Era 1

JOHOR

MAP OF MANKIND

MILLENIALS . NANA

 3  The Malay history from 3rd to 20th century
alongside events which shapes the world

3rd – 5th century Langkasuka A large scale iron smelting industry 4, 5, 6 in Lembah Bujang, Kedah. | ref ref PDF Around 4th century, Merong founded Langkasuka. A, B | HUN	5th century Kalathana Federation Independance of Kalathana Federation from Funan. It included 4 states – Kalathana (Kelantan), Thanathana (Terengganu), Gangga Negara (Perak), 15 and Kuli (Pahang). In 427, it included Langkasuka.	6th century Tanah Merah Kalathana was renamed Tanah Merah (Chih Tu 赤土). 7 In 591, its ruler Gautama stepped down to spread Buddhism. 2
Roman – Persian Era

7th century Srivijaya Tanah Merah expanded its empire to Palembang and renamed Srivijaya. Palembang became a centre of Buddhism. After studying in Bihar, Yijing (義淨) 13 translated Sanskrit scriptures into Chinese and brought back translated Buddhist texts to China in 695.	8th – 10th century Prosperity In 718, Sri Indravarman sent a letter to the Umayyad Caliph Umar bin Abdul Aziz requesting a scholar to teach Islam. بعث ملك الهند إلى عمر بن عبد العزيز ... قد أحببت أن تبعث إليّ رجلا يعلمني و يفهمني الإسلام | ref In 792, Srivijaya united with Sailendra. In 903, Ibn Rustah noted its prosperity. The people reached as far as Madagascar.	11th – 14th century Fall, Singapura In 1025, Srivijaya was attacked by the Chola Empire and Sangrama was captured. In 1028, his son Sri Deva succeeded him. In 1299, Sang Nila Utama – a descendant of Sang Sapurba 3 and Srivijaya royals – founded Singapura.
Prophet Muhammad ﷺ Ar Rashidun Umayyad	Islam Golden Age 8th Abbasid ☆ Baitul Hikmah 9th Samanid ☆ Bukhara 10th Umayyad ☆ Andalus	Islam Golden Age 11th Kara Khanid, Seljuk 11th Su Fei Erh, Uyghurs 回族 8 13th Mongol, Mamluk

9th – 14th century Sumatra, Java Islam was embraced through friendships and marriages with Arabs, Persians, Indians who came by the sea route. | ref ref Al Kindi noted the best quality swords are made of Yemeni iron, Qalai and Hindi. | ref ref The first Sultan of Perlak was Alauddin Syed Maulana in 840. In 1292, Marco Polo noted muslims in Perlak. In 1345, Ibn Batutta 11 noted the Samudera Pasai ruler was a Muslim - the first was Malikus Saleh who died in 1297. In ≈14th century, Wali Songo spread Islam in Java. | ref	11th – 14th century Peninsula, Borneo A muslim tombstone dated 1028 was found in Pahang. | ref In 1136, Mudzaffar Shah I embraced Islam after being introduced to it by Indian traders, and became the first Sultan of Kedah. | ref The Batu Bersurat of Terengganu dated 1303 shows the advent of Islam and the Jawi script. Around 1380, the first mosque in Simunul was established by Makhdum Karim. | ref ref	15th century Peninsula, Borneo In 1400, Iskandar Shah embraced Islam after marrying a princess from Pasai, and became the first Sultan of Melaka. Then under Mansur Shah, Melaka became a center of scholarship and Islam | ref In 1425, Sharif Ali of Mecca became the third Sultan of Brunei. In 1450, Syed Abu Bakar from Palembang became the first Sultan of Sulu. | ref ref ref Zheng He's (郑和) 9, 10 armada safeguards the region under the Ming (明) Dynasty. | ref ref ref
Islam Golden Age 13th Mongol, Mamluk	Islam Golden Age 13th Mongol, Mamluk	15th Ottoman, Ming Dynasty 15th Spain ☆ Renaissance

16th - 18th century Aceh, Johor After Malacca fell to the Portuguese in 1511, the Malaccan heirs moved to Perak and Johor. Aceh and Johor still welcomed descendants of Prophet Muhammad. | ref ref ref In 1520, Sharif Muhammad from Johor became the first Sultan of Maguindanao. In 1565, Spanish colonization began - calling the Muslims "Moro" (Moors). | ref In 1579, Alauddin from Perak became the Sultan of Aceh. His daughter married Syed Adullah Al Aidrus from Hadhramaut, whose descendants became Bendahara of Johor. They rose as Sultans of Johor and Terengganu. In 1641, the Dutch - Johor alliance fell the Portuguese in Malacca. Under agreement, the Dutch ruled Malacca. In 1786, Francis Light leased Penang Island on behalf of the British East India Company. The land fell to British in 1791, and British colonization began. | ref	19th century Malaya (Tanah Melayu) In 1819, Johor empire divided - with Sultan Abdul Rahman in Riau Lingga, while Sultan Hussein in Johor. Hussein signed treaties with Stamford Raffles, and Singapore became a British trading post. | ref ref | ref In 1824, the Anglo Dutch Treaty established British in Johor, while Dutch in Riau Lingga. | map In 1826, the Straits Settlements (Penang, Malacca, Singapore) was established. After Hussein passed away in 1835, Singapore became the seat of government with Daing Ibrahim installed in 1841. Then the Johor Treaty 1855 recognized Hussein's son, Ali as Sultan of Singapore, after ceding Johor except Muar to Daing. | ref In 1867, the Straits became British Crown colony. In 1897, the court ruled Ali has no succesor and Istana Kampong Glam belonged to the Crown. | ref | ref ref | ref ref In 1898, the Federal Council was established to rule the Federated States – Perak, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, Pahang – which received British Residents. | ref Under British rule, the land became British Malaya - profiting from its resources e.g. palm, rubber, tin, timber - and brought in large influx of immigrants. | ref ref ref ref ref | ref ref ref	20th century Malaysia In 1909, the Anglo Siamese Treaty established British in Perlis, Kedah, Kelantan and Terengganu, while Siam in Patani. | ref ref | map In 1910, Dutch Shell discovered the first oil well in Miri. | ref | ref ref Then came WWII. The Japanese invaded Kota Baru in 1941 and Singapore in 1942. But they surrendered after the 1945 atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki (ended WWII). In 1946, the British established Malayan Union, * which was opposed by the Malays. The Malaya Federation replaced it in 1948, a general election ** was held in 1955, and the Federation gained independence in 1957. * Malayan Union Kuala Lumpur as capital, Singapore as a separate Crown colony, and the Sultans conceding powers except in religious matters. ** Democracy With Monarchy The Agong, chosen among the 9 rulers, appoints the Prime Minister and the cabinet. Elections appoints members for Dewan Rakyat and Dewan Undangan Negeri. In 1963, the Federation united with Singapore, North Borneo and Sarawak to form Malaysia. In 1965, Singapore left Malaysia. ref | ref ref ref | ref ref | ref ref ref C In 1968, the communists renewed insurgency, lasting until the 1989 peace accord. | ref
Colonial Era Spain, Portugal Dutch, British America | ref Ottoman, Mughal R1A Qing Dynasty | ref	Colonial Era Dutch, British French Republic | ref America | ref Mughal | ref ref China | ref Japan | ref	World War I II | ref Cold War | ref German Republic | ref ref Soviet Republic | ref ref China Republic | ref ref Turkey, India Rep | ref ref Iranian Republic | ref ref Yemen Republic | ref ref

[1] Alexander established cities (Alexandria) | ref map [2] Greco Buddhism in the Hellenistic Era | ref ref ref ref [3] छुरी Cura Si Manjakini from Mandakini | map [4] Iron works in Uttar Pradesh, Bihar (1,000 BC) | ref ref [5] Corrosion resistant Iron Pillar in Delhi (5th century) | ref [6] Damascus Steel ingots from India (10th century) | ref ref [A] At Tarikh Salasilah [B] Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa

Chih Tu 赤土 is "red earth" | laterite [7] Uyghurs 回纥 of Turkic clans | DNA R1 [8] Shams Al Din of Bukhara | DNA L1a-M76 [9] 15th century Zheng He (郑和) | map [10] 14th century Ibn Battuta | map [11] 13th century Marco Polo | map [12] 7th century Yijing (義淨) | map [13] 7th century Xuanzang (玄奘) | map [14]

[C] Beating The Odds Together | ref      50 Years of Singapore-Israel Ties

2nd century Ptolemy | ref map [15]

language migration MILLENIALS . NANA europe ← greece ← ❄ → himalaya → asia
alchemy χημεία الكيمياء kimia	antique αντίκα عتيق एंटीक antik	armário armārium अलमारी almari	bazaar παζάρι بازار बाजार pasar	body بدن बदन badan
چرخ चक्र cakera	canon κανών قانون कानून kanun	current קרן किरण kirana	duo δύο دو दो dua	fairy پری परी pari
genus γένος جنس jenis	heart हृदय hati	hero ήρωας वीर wira	ενέχυρο إقرار इक़रार ikrar	κεφάλι کله कपाल kepala
κουτί قوطی चौखटा kotak	coolie कुली kuli	lamp λάμπα لامپا लैंप lampu	mega μέγας megah	mind मन minda
man אנוש ناس मनुष्य manusia	marble μάρμαρο مرمر मरमर marmar	mortal موت मौत maut	name όνομα نام नाम nama	prime परम param(eswara)
point बिंदी bintik	πανδοκεῖον פונדק فندق pondok	royal reich rēgia राज्य raja	same साम्य sama	sandals σανδάλια صندل सैंडल sandal
series σειρά سلسلة सिलसिला salasilah (siri)	שיר شعر शायरी syair	sir κύριε سر श्री sri	soap σαπούνι صابون साबुन sabun	star αστέρι ستاره तारा sitara
story ιστορία أساطير शास्त्र sastera	tea τσάι چای चाय teh	typhoon τυφώνας طوفان तूफान taufan	venus वनिता wanita	vizierوزير वज़ीर wazir
brother برادر भ्राता	candy قند कैंडी	center κέντρο केंद्री	door θύρα در द्वार	χειμώνας हिम
χαλί قالی गलीचा	navel ناف नाभि	shawl σάλι شال शाल	spinach σπανάκι اسفناج	τιμή درهم दाम

Macedon Mauriya ❄ Ottoman Mughal ^R1A
After the 4th century BC conquest of Alexander, the Greeks settled northwest of Mauriya
They later became Indo Greeks, linking Europe with Asia through the Silk Road

UMMAH

OLD WRITING

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Millenials

Millenium BC

Nana

Ming

❤ Nusantara